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        <div id="content-top1">Page 29 - CICT Magazine e-Version September 2021</div>
        <div id="content-top2">P. 29</div>
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    <pre style="white-space:pre-line"><code>f,dj l;d fjk iQjia                                       udÂ¾. wÃªldÃŸh kshu lr we;af;a tA yryd we&lt; udÂ¾.fha
                                                         bjqre j,g jk ydksh wju lr .ekSughs' we&lt; udÂ¾.h
kq;k f,dalfha Ã±ksid w;ska ksÂ¾udKh jq ;j;a tla w.%.KH     yryd r:jdyk .ukd.ukh fjkqfjka tla md,ula" Ã¿Ã¯ÃŸh
                                                         udÂ¾.hla yd Wux udÂ¾.hlao ksÂ¾udKh lr we;' rglg"
ksÂ¾udKhla jYfhka iqjia we&lt; yÃ¿kajd Ãˆh yelsh' wms%ld       l,dmhlg fyda uydoaÃ¹mhlg iSud fkdjq iqjia we&lt; udÂ¾.
uydoaÃºmh yd ijqÃˆ wrdÃ¬hg ueÃˆj we;s r;= uqyqo;a" ;=Â¾lsh"   fha fufyhqÃ¯ lghq;= ksidfjka f,dj mqrd wÂ¾Ã“lhg isÃ¿ jk
.s%ish yd b;d,sh jgfldg uOHOrKs uqyqo;a hd lrÃ±ka         fiajh w;s ÃºYd,h'
ksÂ¾udKh jq fÃ¯ ÃºYAÃ±; ksÂ¾udKh f.da,Sh kdÃºl m%jdykfha
ixÃªia:dkhla iksgqjka l, ÃºYsIaG ksÂ¾udKhls'                Mfukau fk!ldjla we&lt; udÂ¾.h yryd .uka lsÃŸfÃ¯Ãˆ f.Ãºh
                                                         hq;= .dia;= ;srKh lrkq ,nkafka fk!ldfÃµ Ãˆ." m,&lt; yd
w;S;fha mgka fj&lt;o yd kdÃºl m%jdyk lghq;= i|yd             OdÃŸ;djh mokÃ¯ lrf.kh'
n,mEula lsÃfÃ¯ wruqKska fujeks jHdmD;shla ls%hd;aul
lsÃfÃ¯ ie,iqÃ¯ bÃˆÃŸm;a jQjo ld,dkqrEmj mekke.=Kq hÃ¯         N+f.da,Sh jYfhka .;a l, wrdÃ¬ rgj,a lsysmhlg yd hqfrdamhg
hÃ¯ .egÂ¨ ksid tAjd ish,a, jHdÂ¾: Ãºh' kuq;a jÂ¾I 1858 Â§      wdikakfha msysgd ;snqKo" fu u.ska wdishd;sl rgj,a j,g
m%xY cd;sl bxcsfkarefjl= jk *Â¾Ã¤kka f,fima Ãºiska Bcsma;=  fukau Mlai;a ckmohgo wkhk yd wmkhk ls%hdj,sfha
rcfha tl.;ajh jYfhka Univesal Suez Canal Company kÃ±ka    kdÃºl m%jdykfhaÃˆ ls'Ã± 8900 l Ã¿r mrdihla fukau Ãˆk 10 l
wdh;khla Ã¬ys jk w;r we&lt; udÂ¾.fha bÃˆlsÃÃ¯ lghq;= yd         ld,hla b;sÃŸ lr .; yels fÃµ' l,ska wdishdfÃµ isg hqfrdamhg
jir 99 l fufyhqÃ¯ lghq;= wod, wdh;kh fj; mjrk ,Ãˆ'         hk fk!ldjl wms%ldfÃµ iqNme;=Ã¯ ;=vqj yryd ie;mqÃ¯ 11"300
                                                         la Ãˆk 24 l ld,hlska .sh w;r iqjia we&lt; fufyhqÃ¯ lghq;=
jÂ¾I 1859 iema;eÃ¯nÂ¾ ui 25 jk Ãˆk wdrÃ¯N jQ we&lt; udÂ¾.         ksid Mh ie;mqÃ¯ 6"400 la yd Ãˆk 14 olajd wvq lr .eksug
jHdmD;sh oi jirlg miqj tkÃ¯" jÂ¾I 1869 fkdjeÃ¯nÂ¾            yelsj ;sfÃ­'Mu.ska hqfrdamSh rgj, NKAv m%jdykfhaÃˆ we;s uqÂ¨
ui 17 jk Ãˆk fufyhqÃ¯ lghq;= i|yd ÃºjD; Ãºh' f,dal           Ã¿r m%udkh 43] lska muK wvq jk nj i|yka'
b;sydifha yerjqÃ¯ ,CIhla jQ iqjia we&lt; jHdmD;sh fjkqfjka
fvd,Â¾ Ã±,shk 100 la muK jeh jQ nj i|yka'                  MA jdf.au iqjia we&lt; udÂ¾.h f,dalfha iuia: kdÃºl
                                                         m%jdykfhka 10] l m%udKhla wdjrKh lrkq ,nkjd'
ld,hla iu. wdÂ¾Ã“l jYfhka fukau f.da,Sh jYfhkao            iqjia we&lt; udÂ¾.h yryd f.da,Sh fj&lt;|m, fj; t,a, lrk
yerjqÃ¯ ,CIhla njg m;a jQ we&lt; udÂ¾.fha fufyhqÃ¯             n,mEu iqÂ¨ mgq tlla fkdfÃµ' ffokslj f.da,Shj .uka .kakd
lghq;= j, meK ke.=Kq hÃ¯ hÃ¯ .egÂ¨ldÃŸ wjia:d w;S;h          nydÂ¨Ã¯ fk!ld j,ska 30] la we&lt; udÂ¾.h NdÃº;d lrhs' tl
;=,ska fidhd.; yelsh' jÂ¾I 1936 jifÂ¾Â§ Ã¬%;dkHka iqjia      Ãˆklg fk!ld 50 ;a 60 ;a w;r m%udKhla jk w;r th f,dal
ys md,khg ;u yuqodfjka fhoÃ¹ug lghq;= l,;a miqj           wdÂ¾Ã“lfhka 12] la ksrEmKh lrkakla' ffoksl fndrf;,a
Ã¬%;dkH iu. Bcsma;=j we;slr.;a .sÃºiqulg wkqj Ã¬%;dkH       ner,a ,laI 40la muK we&lt; udÂ¾.h yryd m%jdykh jk
yuqod iqjia ys md,k lghq;= j,ska bj;a Ãºh' tA jir 18 lg   w;r th f,dal fndrf;,a iemhqfuka 5] muK fÃµ' wdÂ¾Ã“l
miqjhs' bka miqj;a we&lt; udÂ¾.fha whs;sh mej;Sfha bÃˆlsÃŸÃ¯    jÂ¾Ok fÃµ.h iS&gt;%fhka bÃˆÃŸhg wefok f,dalhl fulS ixLHd
lghq;= isÃ¿ l, iqjia we&lt; iud.u i;=jh' jÂ¾I 1956 Â§ we;s     f,aLk b;d blaukska fjkiafjk nj fkdwkqudkh'
jQ iqjia we&lt; wÂ¾nqOh fya;= fldg f.k iqjia we&lt; cki;=
lsÃug tjl Bcsma;= ckm;s Yud,a wÃ­Ã¿,a kidÂ¾ lghq;= l,       wka;Â¾cd,h yryd Wmqgd .kakd ,o o;a; wkqj jÂ¾I 2020
w;r tys m%;sM,hla f,i jÂ¾I 1956 cq,s ui 26 jk Ãˆk we&lt;      Â§ keÃµ 19"000 la muK iqjia yryd NdKav m%jdyKfha fhÂ§
udÂ¾. mÃŸmd,k yd fufyhqÃ¯ lghq;= Bcsma;= rch fj; ,eÃ®u       ;sfnk w;r tA yryd NdKav fgdka Ã±,shk 1000 la m%jdykh
iqÃºfYaIs wjia:djla njg m;a Ãºh' ;jo ld,fhka ld,hg         lr we;' m%Odk f,ig bkaOk msÃŸjeh wju Ã¹u' ld,h
we&lt; udÂ¾.fha mÃŸmd,khg ÃºÃºO rgj,a j,ska n,mEÃ¯ t,a, jQ       b;sÃŸ Ã¹u yd uqyqfoaÂ§ isÃ¿ Ãºh yels iajdNdÃºl wdmod wju
w;r tAjdfha m%;sM,hka f,i jÂ¾I 1957 Â§ tlai;a cd;Skaf.a    Ã¹u ksidfjka kq;kh jk Ãºg iqjia we&lt; udÂ¾.h f,dalfha
ixÃºOdkfha ueÃˆy;aÃ¹fuka Ã¬%;dkH" m%xY yd BY%dfh,a yuqod     wksjdÂ¾h wjYH;djhla njg m;aÃ¹ yudrh'
we&lt; udÂ¾.fha fufyhqÃ¯ lghq;= j,ska bj;a lsÃu fmkajdÃˆh
yelsh'                                                   tA nj Ã³g udi lsysmhlg fmr isÃ¿ jQ Ever Given fk!ldfÃµ
                                                         wk;=r wdikaku WodyrKhls' we&lt; udÂ¾.h yryd .uka
ÃºÃºO .egÂ¨ldÃŸ jd;djrKhka ueo bÃˆÃŸhg f.k wd we&lt;              l, fk!ldj je,s l=Kdgqjlg yiqÃ¹u;a iu. fk!ldj we&lt;
udÂ¾.fha jÂ¾:udk mÃŸmd,kh isÃ¿ lrkq ,nkafka Suez Canal       udÂ¾.fha bjqre foflys isrjQfha uqÂ¨ukskau we&lt; udÂ¾.h
Authority ^iqjia we&lt; wÃªldÃŸh& Ãºisks' uq,ska ls'Ã³ 163 l    yryd m%jdykh k;r lrjÃ±kah' Ãˆk .Kkdjla" rgj,a
Ãˆ.ska iukaÃº; jQ iqjia we&lt; udr.h miqj meKke.=Kq ÃºÃºO       .Kkdjl W;aidyfhka isÃ¿ l, .,jd.ekSfÃ¯ fufyhqÃ¯
Ã¿Ialr;d ksid ;j;a ls'Ã³ 30 lska Â§Â¾&gt; lsÃug md,k wÃªldÃŸh
lghq;= lsÃu;a iu. fÃ¯ jk Ãºg tys uqÂ¨ Ãˆ. m%udKh ls'Ã³                                             September 2021 Volume 4 Issue 8 26
193 ls' we&lt; udÂ¾.fha bjqre fol w;r mr;rh ke;fyd;a
we&lt; udÂ¾.fha m,, Ã³gÂ¾ 300 la fÃµ' f,dj mj;sk ÃºYd,;u
nydÂ¨Ã¯ fk!ld jQjo myiqfjka yeisrÃºh yels Ã³gr 19 l
.eUqrlska hq;a we&lt; udÂ¾.h nÃŸka fgdka 210"000 l iSudfÃµ
mj;sk keÃµ j,g kdÃºl .ukd.ukh fjkqfjka wjir ,nd
Â§ we;' wef&lt;ys tla wka;hl isg ;j;a wka;hlg hdug meh
11 ;a 16 ;a w;r ld,hla .; jk w;r fk!ldjla fkdÃœ 8
l ^mehg ls'Ã³ 15 l& ia:djr fÃµ.hlska .uka lsÃug we&lt;</code></pre>
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